ATC R — Respiratory system

Albuterol, also known as salbutamol, is a short-acting beta-2 agonist used in adults and children for the rapid relief of bronchospasm in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It produces bronchodilation within minutes after inhalation.

Formoterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist used in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with a relatively rapid onset of bronchodilation and a duration of approximately twelve hours per dose, supporting twice-daily inhaled administration.

Budesonide is a corticosteroid used as inhaled therapy in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as nasal spray in allergic rhinitis, and in extended-release oral formulations for inflammatory bowel disease, with limited systemic exposure.

Montelukast is an oral leukotriene receptor antagonist used in adults and children for asthma maintenance, exercise-induced bronchospasm and allergic rhinitis. It is taken once daily and complements inhaled therapy in selected cases.

Cetirizine is a second-generation H1 antihistamine used in adults and children for allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and chronic urticaria. It blocks peripheral H1 histamine receptors with limited central penetration and modest sedation.

Loratadine is a second-generation H1 antihistamine used in adults and children for allergic rhinitis and urticaria. It blocks peripheral H1 receptors with very limited central penetration, supporting once-daily dosing with minimal sedation.

Fexofenadine is a second-generation H1 antihistamine used in adults and children for allergic rhinitis and urticaria. It is the active metabolite of terfenadine and produces minimal central nervous system penetration with no clinically relevant sedation.