ATC N03 — Antiepileptics

Clonazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine used in adults for selected forms of epilepsy and for panic disorder. It potentiates GABA-A signalling, with relevant dependence and cumulative sedation risks on prolonged use.

Lamotrigine is an oral antiepileptic and mood stabiliser used in adults and children for partial-onset seizures, primary generalised seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and bipolar disorder maintenance. Slow titration is essential to minimise serious skin reactions.

Topiramate is an oral antiepileptic and migraine prophylactic used in adults and children. It has multiple mechanisms including sodium channel blockade and GABA enhancement, and is also approved as an adjunct for partial-onset and generalised seizures.

Gabapentin is an oral gabapentinoid used in adults and children for partial-onset seizures and in adults for post-herpetic neuralgia. It is also widely used off-label for various neuropathic pain conditions and restless legs syndrome.

Pregabalin is an oral gabapentinoid used in adults for neuropathic pain, generalised anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia (in some markets) and as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures. It binds the alpha-2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels.