Categories

Allergic disorders include rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria and food allergies, with symptoms driven by histamine and other mediators. Treatment is led by a clinician and may include antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids and avoidance of triggers.

Anxiety disorders are characterised by persistent excessive worry that affects daily function. Treatment is led by a clinician and may include short-term benzodiazepines, buspirone, SSRI/SNRI antidepressants and structured psychological therapy.

This category groups medications used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, including SSRIs (such as sertraline) and other classes. Treatment effects develop gradually over weeks and require medical supervision.

Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections. They are not effective against viruses. Treatment is led by a clinician based on the suspected organism, infection site and local resistance patterns.

Antifungal medications target fungal infections by disrupting cell membranes or cell walls. They are used for candidiasis, dermatophytoses, onychomycosis, cryptococcosis and invasive fungal infections. Treatment is led by a clinician.

Antiviral medications target specific viruses by interfering with their replication cycle. They are used for herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, influenza, HIV, hepatitis B and C, and emerging viral infections. Treatment is led by a clinician.

Cardiovascular disease covers a wide range of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels. Treatment is led by a clinician and may include statins, antiplatelets, calcium-channel blockers, beta-blockers and oral anticoagulants.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition with elevated blood glucose. Treatment depends on type and is selected by a clinician — it may include lifestyle changes, oral antidiabetics, GLP-1 receptor agonists or insulin therapy.

Diuretics are medications that increase urine production, used to treat oedema, hypertension and heart failure. Major classes include loop diuretics (furosemide), thiazides and potassium-sparing diuretics, with different indications and side effect profiles.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the persistent difficulty in achieving or maintaining an erection adequate for sexual activity. Treatment is led by oral PDE5 inhibitors and adjunct strategies prescribed by a clinician.

Common eye conditions include glaucoma, dry eye, allergic conjunctivitis and bacterial or viral infections. Treatment is led by an ophthalmologist or optometrist and may include topical drops, oral medications and procedural interventions to preserve vision.

Acid-related and motility disorders include gastro-oesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer disease and dyspepsia. Treatment is led by a clinician and may include proton pump inhibitors, H2-blockers, antacids and Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens.

This category covers pattern hair loss (androgenetic alopecia) and its evidence-based treatments. Oral finasteride and topical minoxidil are the most studied first-line options for men; women have different options requiring medical evaluation.

This category covers hormonal medications including emergency contraception (Plan B), ovulation induction (clomiphene), and menopausal hormone therapy (conjugated estrogens). Each requires medical evaluation.

Neurological medications include antiepileptic drugs, migraine prophylaxis and acute therapies and agents for neuropathic pain. They act on neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release and pain pathways. Treatment is led by a neurologist or specialist clinician.

Pain treatment depends on the type, intensity and underlying cause. It is led by a clinician and may include paracetamol, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, neuropathic agents and, in selected cases, opioids alongside non-pharmacological strategies.

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common chronic respiratory conditions. Treatment is led by a clinician and may include short and long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene antagonists and inhaler training.

Insomnia is difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep that affects daytime functioning. Treatment is led by a clinician and may include non-benzodiazepine Z-drugs, short courses of benzodiazepines, melatonin or non-pharmacological cognitive-behavioural therapy.

Products in this category are marketed for female sexual dysfunction, particularly hypoactive desire and arousal disorders. Some have FDA approval (flibanserin); others are off-label sildenafil-based formulations sold internationally.